文章摘要：議論文通過(guò)議論或說(shuō)理來(lái)表達(dá)作者的見(jiàn)解和主張。作者對(duì)某一問(wèn)題持有一種看法,為了使讀者同意自己的看法,提出若干理由,企圖說(shuō)服他人。一 議論文的三要素:論點(diǎn) 是作者在文章中提出的對(duì)某一個(gè)問(wèn)題或某一類事件的看法、觀點(diǎn)、主張，它要求要正確 、鮮明、有針對(duì)性。

議論文通過(guò)議論或說(shuō)理來(lái)表達(dá)作者的見(jiàn)解和主張. 作者對(duì)某一問(wèn)題持有一種看法,為了使讀者同意自己的看法,提出若干理由,企圖說(shuō)服他人.

一 議論文的三要素:

論點(diǎn) 是作者在文章中提出的對(duì)某一個(gè)問(wèn)題或某一類事件的看法、觀點(diǎn)、主張，它要求要正確 、鮮明、有針對(duì)性。一篇議論文只能有一個(gè)中心論點(diǎn).論點(diǎn)一般在開(kāi)頭提出，然后加以論證.

論據(jù) 是證明論點(diǎn)正確的證據(jù)，要想證明論點(diǎn)的正確，首先，論據(jù)必須讓人覺(jué)得真實(shí)、可信， 能夠充分證明論點(diǎn)。其次，論據(jù)要具有典型性，能收到“以一當(dāng)十”的效果。第三，論據(jù)要 新穎， 盡可能尋找一些新鮮的、能給人以新的感受和啟示的論據(jù).一般是以事實(shí)為論據(jù)，也可以利用成語(yǔ)，格言，名人名言作為論據(jù).

論證 是議論文中必不可少的部分。一段完整的議論，只有通過(guò)論證證明論據(jù)和論點(diǎn)之間的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，才能將論據(jù)和論點(diǎn)融為一體，也才能構(gòu)成一篇完整的、有說(shuō)服力的文章。

二 議論文的類型:

① “一分為二”的觀點(diǎn).從兩方面去分析一個(gè)問(wèn)題,然后闡述自己的觀點(diǎn).

② “兩者選一”的觀點(diǎn).分析兩種事物的優(yōu)劣勢(shì),闡述自己的觀點(diǎn).

③“我認(rèn)為......”型.闡述對(duì)某一事物的客觀看法. 如“你對(duì)課外閱讀的看法

④“怎樣......(how to)”型.分析怎樣解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題如“怎樣克服學(xué)習(xí)中碰到的困難”

.⑤ 看圖(表)作文.通過(guò)閱讀圖表中的數(shù)字與項(xiàng)目得出一個(gè)結(jié)論或形成一種看法.

一) “一分為二”觀點(diǎn)的議論文模式

Introduction

第1段:Nowadays more and more people.../...plays an important part in.... like everything else, ...has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects/both advantages and disadvantages. Generally, the favorable aspects/advantages can be listed as follows.

第2段：Firstly,.. Secondly,...In addition/What’s more...

第4段: Through above analysis/All things considered, we can see that the positive aspects/advantages outweigh the negative ones/disadvantages. Therefore...

“一分為二”類作文范例

說(shuō)廣告(about advertisement).

提示：有人說(shuō)廣告在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)是很重要，有人認(rèn)為廣告的促銷成分太多，你認(rèn)為......

二) “兩者選一”觀點(diǎn)的議論文模式

模式⑴:A、B兩者優(yōu)劣勢(shì)分析,要么選A,要么選B.

Introduction

第1段:Some people hold the opinion that (A) is superior to (B) in many ways. Others, however, argue that (B) is much better. personally, I would prefer (A) because I think (A) has more advantages.

第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer (A). The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(贊同A的原因)

第3段: Of course, choosing (B) also has advantages to some extent, (列出1~2個(gè)B的優(yōu)勢(shì))

第4段: But if all these factors are considered, (A) is much better than (B). from what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(總結(jié)觀點(diǎn))

模式⑵: A、B優(yōu)勢(shì)相當(dāng),依情況而定,有條件地選擇A或B.

Introduction

第1段:Which would you prefer if you are faced with the choice between (A) and (B)? Before you make the decision, you had better make a close comparison.

第2段：It is true that(選擇A的優(yōu)勢(shì)之一). It is also true that(選擇A的優(yōu)勢(shì)之二). But (選擇A的劣勢(shì)).